Oil engine



Feb." 15, 1921. 1,611,561.

c. M. BLANCHARD on, Emma Filed Feb. 6, 1925 V 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 fi i 2812 fzvenzbn 7% zi zZea Magma?! Feb. 15, 1927. 1,617,567

C. M. BLANCHARD OIL ENGINE Filed Feb. 6, 1925 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 32/0993301/9? woac-l Feb; 15, 1927..

1,617,567 c. M. BLANCHARD OIL ENGINE Filed Feb. 6, 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet 5f O N m 4 i so I Na & v a

w I i KHEQE" $1 m .g

, Cfiaaies flffiZczmc/zazaf Patented F eb. 15, 1-927.

rarest series.

CHARLES M. BLANGHARD, OF MATTOON, ILLINOIS.

OIL ENGINE.

Application filed February 6, 1925. Serial No. 7,201.

The present invention relates to injection type Oll engines and seeks torovide improved means for effecting the injection of the liquid fuel,and more particularly provide improved means for effectively in ectingand uniformly distributing the liquid such engines in which eachcylinder is provided with a pump for measuring and 1njecting the fuelcharges, it is difiicult to obtain a sharp cut-oil" and good atomizationof the fuel in the cylinder unless a bypass valve is provided betweenthe pump and the spray nozzle at the cylinder. In such cases however,the slightest leak in the check valve at the spraynozzle will'allow thepressure within the cylinder to partially empty the fuel passage leadingto the spray nozzle. with the result that the cylinder having a leakycheck valve will not do its full share of the work. Furthermore, it isdifiicult to properly adjust the by-pass valves, since very'minutedifferences in theadjustment of these valves will cause unequaldistribution of fuel to the cylindersand unequal distribution of work.

In other multiple cylinder oil engines, the distribution of oil to thedifferent cylinders is determined by the size of the opening of thespray nozzles and the duration of opening .of mechanically controlledvalves arranged in proximity to the spray openings, the oil at desiredpressure being supplied to the different valves from a common manifoldin which the fuel is maintained under pressure by a feed pump. In suchcases a single pump can be employed in place of one for each cylinder,but complicated mechanically cont-rolled valve mechanism replaces thesimple automatic check valves at the cylinder .spray nozzles.

Also it is difficult to, properly adjust and keep such valves tight andthe slightest leak will admit fuel to the working-cylinder during itsentire cycle of operatlon, re-

sulting not only in loss of efficiency but also dangerously highpressure therein.

The present invention seeks to retain the advantages of the old systemsabove referred to and avoid the noted objections, and provides a liquidfuel supply maintained under pressure, spray nozzles having automaticcheck valves at the working cylinders and intermediate distributing andby-pass valve means all arranged to provide for effective injectionand-uniform distribution of the fuel to the several cylinders. Preferredembodiments of the invention are illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings and the invention itself more particularly pointed out in theappended claims.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is an end elevation of a multiple cylinder, injection type oilengine, with the present. improved fuel feeding and distributing meansapplied thereto, and with parts of the feeding'means shown in section.

Fig. 2 is a detail vertical section on an enlarged scale of thedistributing and by-. pass valves for one of the engine cylinders.

Fig. 3 is a detail section on the 1ine 3--3 of Fig. 2. 1

F19". 4'1s'a dla 'ramma-tic View of the 1mz: p proved fuel feedlngmeans.

Fig. 5 is a similar view illustrating a.

modification.

The improvement is shown applied to an" upright oil engine having asuitable frame,

10, two or more cylinders 11 and a main crank shaft'12. In the formshown,- the main shaft 12 is connected by intenmeshing beveled gears 13to a vertical valve shaft '14. The fuel oil is forced into a manifold 15mounted on the engine frame, preferably by means of high and lowpressure pumps 16 and 17. These pumps which are of similar construction,are arranged on, opposite sides of the shaft 14 and the pump plungersare operated by a cam 18 thereon. The fuel supply pipe 19 leads to theintake of the low pressure pump 17 and the latter delivers the oilthrough branch pipes 20 and 21 to a low pressure'chamber 22mounted onthe manifold 15 and to the intake of the high pressure pump. The latterdelivers the oil through a pipe 23 to the high pressure manifold 15, andthis manifold is connected by pipe 24: and branches'25 with thedistributing valve casings 26. These casings are connected by' pipes 27with the spray nozzles 28 at the englne cylinders and the latter areprovided with suitable automatic check valves 29 for preventing returnflow through the pipes or passages 27.

The high and low pressure fuel supply pumps can be of any suitableconstruction and, if desired, a pump having a single plunger can beemployed. Preferably, the feed pump is arranged to supply liquid fuel inexcess of that required by the engine and the pressure in the supplymanifold is maintained uniform by means of a relief "alve.

by a spring held plunger 31 arranged within this chamber. Suitable meansare preferably provided for adjusting the plunger spring to determinethe desired pressure within the fuel supply manifold 15. As shown, theplunger 31 is, hollow and perforated to permit the passage of oil therethrough, and the low pressure relief valve 32 communicates with theupper end of the chamber 22, oil passing therethrough being returned tothe main supply by a pipe 33. To increase the capacity of the supplymanifold 15 andiaid in maintaining the pressure uniform therein, thelatter is provided with a cushioning chamber 34 within the upper portion.of which air is trapped when the engine is in operation.

In the construction shown, the vertical valve shaft 14, is arrangedwithin a casing 35 and the distributing valves, one for each of thecylinders, are radially disposed about the shaft and suitable supports36 therefor are mounted on the casing In the particular two-cylinderengine shown, the dis tributing valves are on opposite sides of thiscasing.

Each distributing valve casing, in the form shown, comprises inlet anddischarge sections 37 and 38 mounted upon the outer end of a support 36and secured thereto by bolts 39. An intermediate sleeve-like section 40is held in place between the casing sections 37 and 38 and extends intothe bore of the discharge section T he distributing valve 41 is of thepoppet type and is arranged within the chamber of the valve section 37with its stem extending iiito the bore of the sleeve section 40. Acoiled spring 42in the chamber of the section 37 tends to hold the valve41 in engagement with its seat formed upon the outer end of the sleevesection.

A second sleeve section 43 held in place between the support 36 andthe-casing section 38 forms a guide'for a valve actuating tappet'44. Thelatter is cylindrical and. fits within the bore of the sleeve.- Acylindrical tappet actuator 44' is guided in a correspondingly' shapedopening in the outer end of the support 36 and has a forked inner endwithin which is mounted a roller 45. One end of the pintle 46, uponwhich the roller 45 is mounted, is flattened and projects within aguiding slot 47 in the support 36 to hold the tappet actuate: 44 againstrotation.

Inthe preferred forin shown, the high pressure relief valve 30discharges into the low pressure chamber 22 and is carried- T hetappetactuator is'provided with an adjustable abutment for engaging the tappetor plunger 44, in the form of a screw 48, adj ustably threaded on, theouter end of the actuating .member 44 and held in adjusted position by alock nut 49.

' The distributing valves are actuated by a cam 50 mounted on the shaft14. The greater portion of the periphery of this cam is cylindrical anda small section thereof is provided with a raised actuating portion,preferably formed of a conical or tapered pin 51 arranged within thecorrespondingly shaped seat therein. Similarly, each of the rollers 45is provided with cylindrical and tapered portions f or engaging thecylindrical and tapered portions of the cam.

.. ()bviously, by adjusting the position of the cam, the period ofopening of the distributing valves can be varied to correspondingly varythe file] charges that are in ected into the cylinders and so controlthe engine speed. This adjustment of the cam may be effected, ifdesired, manually. In the con; struction shown, a fiy-ball governor 53mounted on the shaft 14 is connected to the cam to adjust its position.

The sleeve sections 40 and 43 of each distributing valve casing arespaced apart as shown in Fig. 2, and this space 54 communicates with thepassage extending through the discharge section 38, and communicating bymeans of the pipe 27 with the spray nozzle of the correspondingcylinder. The stem of the distributing valve 41 is provided with anenlarged cylindrical portion having a guiding fit in the sleeve 40, andthis enlarged portion is provided with longitudinal grooves 55communicating with the discharge side of the valve and with the space54. The valve actuatingtappet or plunger 44 is provided with an axialbore 56 communicating with the space 54 and with an annular groove 57formed in the inner end of the plunger, and which in turn communirateswith a by-pass pipe 58. ith this arrangement, the adjacent abutting endsof the valve stem and the valve actuating plunger or tappet form, ineffect, a by-pass valve which is closed when the plunger or tappet isshifted to open the distributing Valve 41, but which is openedimmediately when the distributing valve is seated.

In operation the abutment 48 is so adjusted that, with the plunger ortappet 44 engaging it and the roller 45 engaging the cylindrical portionof the cam, the outer end. of the plunger is spaced, to a slight extentfrom the inner end of the distributor valve stem. \Vhen the plunger isshifted by the cam to open the distributor valve, its outer end engagesthe valve stem and closes the bypass or relief port 56, but, as soon asthe valve seats, the by-pass is opened to relieve the pressure on thedischarge side of the distributor valve and in the assa 'e or pipebetween the valve and the corresponding spray nozzle.

The improved construct-ion avoids the "necessity of employingcomplicated mechanically operated valves at the spray nozzles and also"avoids the use of a complicated arrangement of pumps, one for injectingfuel charges into each of the cylinders. Instead, the spray nozzles areprovided with simple, automatic check valves and only a single pump ofsimple construction is needed to feed the .oil. -The,improved combineddistributing and by-pas s valve for each cylinder effects a sharpcut-off, as in the pump injection type of oil engine having apby-passbeyond "the discharge check of the pump, but without the disastrousresults occurring in that type of engine in case of a leak at the spraynozzle check valve. \Vith' the present construction, While a leaky checkvalve might partially empty the pipe or passage leading to the spraynozzle, the loss would be madev up the instant the distributor valveopened and noinequality of distribution of oil'to the differentcylinders would result. This is because theopening of the distributorvalve immediately connects the spray nozzle to the supply manifold inwvhich the fuel is maintained under pressure, and because the open ingthrough the poppet type distributing valve is relatively largeas-compared with the opening at the spray nozzle. Nor would a leakthrough a distributor valve cause unequal dist-ribution ,of fuel to thet-litlerent cylinders, "since this leakage would simply go to theassogiated by-pass pipe 58 and would not pass to the correspondingcylinder.-' Indeed, leaks at the d stributing and check valves will onlylessen the amount of oil passing through the relief valve 30,

and. until leakage became so great to ex ceed the excess capacity of thefuel feed pump,.no effect would be \produced in the performance of theengine.

It is, also noted that because of the relief of pressure in the passagesleading to the spray nozzles, there is no opportunity for fuel to findits way into a working cylinder except durin'g the injection period.Also, the only accurate adjustment required for effecting uniformdistribution of fuel to the several cylinders, is to see that the sameclearance exists between the tappet of each distributor valve and thebase circle of the cam 50. Preferably, as stated, this cam is providedwith a tapered port-ion 5i so that, hy adjusting its positiononthe-shaft- 14,'the injection periods determined by opening thedistributing valves, can be varied to regulate through a slot in theshaft 14 and is engaged by a rod 60 extending through a bore in theupper end of the shaft. A disk on the upper endiof this rod is engagedby a spring 61, the tension of which can be adjusted by a screw 62.

If desired, the distributing valves may be uniformly operated and thefuel charges varied to controlthe engine speed by varying the pressurein the supply manifold. In this case, asindicated in'Fig. 5, "therollers 45 on the tappet actuators are cylindrical, and the operatingportion 51 of the'cam is not tapered. Instead, the fuel feed pump isoperated by a tapered cam which can be adjusted either by hand or by agovernor to vary the stroke of the pump and-consequently vary, thepressure in the supply manifold. ln this case the supply manifold willnot be provided with a, relief "alve. 'llyith either arrangement, theoil supplied to a spray nozzle is maintained under steady pressurethroughout each injection period to effect good atomization.

()il passing through the by-passpipes 58 is conducted back to/the mainfuel supply. Any leakage occurring around the operating 'tappets or thedistributing valves is collected means for constantly 'maintainingliquid fuel under injection pressure'in said manifold, a spray nozzle ateach working cylinder 'having an automatic check valve adapted tobeopened by the injection pressure, and mechanically actuated distributingand lay-pass valve means interposed between the supply manifold and eachspray nozzle for timing and measuring .the injected charges and forrelieving the pressure in the passage leading to each spray nozzleduring non-injection periods.

2. In combination in a multiple cylinder, injection type oil engine, asupply manifold, means for maintaining" liquid fuel under pressuretherein, a spray nozzle having an automatic check valve at each Workingcylinder, and intermittentlyoperating distributing and by-pass valvemeans for alter- ,na-tely placing each spray nozzle in communicationwith the supply-manifold and re lieving the pressure in the passageleading there i In em in ion in a i e P Oil engine, a supply manifold,means for maintaining liquid fuel therein under pressure, aspray nozzlefor the working cylinder, and intermittently acting valve means foralternately placing the passage leading to. the spray nozzle incommunication with the supply manifold and with a relief port.

4. In combination in a multiple cylinder, injection typeoil engine, asupply manifold,

means for maintaining liquid fuel therein being arranged to relieve thepressure on the discharge side of the associated distributing valve whenthe latter is closed,

and means for intermittently actuating said distributing and by-passvalves.

6. In combination in a multiple cylinder, injection type oil engine, asupply manifold, means for maintaining liquid fuelv under pressuretherein, a spray nozzle at each working cylinder, a distributing valveand a by-pass valve for each cylinder interposed in the order namedbetween the supply manifold and the corresponding spray nozzle, andmeans for alternately opening and closing said distributing and by-passvalves.

'7. In combination in a multiple cylinder, injection type oil engine, asupply manifold, means for maintaining liquid fuel therein under uniformpressure, a spray nozzle at each working cylinder, a distributing valveand a by-pass valve for each working cylinder interposed in the ordernamed between the supply manifold and the corresponding spray nozzle,actuating devices for alternately opening and closing said distributingand by-pass valves, and means for adjusting said valve actuating devicesto control the engine speed.

8. In combination in a multiple cylinder, injection type oil engine, asupply ,manifold, means for maintaining liquid fuel under pressuretherein, a spray nozzle having a check valve at each working cylinder, acombined distributing and by-pass val-ve, one for each cylinder,arranged to alternately place the passage leading to the correspondingspray nozzle in communication with the supply manifold and with a reliefport and means for intermittently operating said valves. m

9. ,In combination in a multiple cylinder,

injection type oil engine, a supply manifold,

means for maintaining liquid fuel under pressure therein, a spray nozzlehavm a check valve at each working cylinder, is-

tributing valves, one for each cylinder, in

terposed between the supply manifold and a spray nozzle at each cylinderof distribut-' ing valves, one for each cylinder, .yicldingly held inclosed position, and intermittently operated tappets for lifting saidvalves, each of said tappets having a bypass controlled by theengagement and disengagement of the tappet with the corresponding valvefor relieving the pressure between the latter and thecorrespondingspraynozzle when the valve is closed.

11. In a multiple cylinder, injection type oil engine, the combinationwith means for maintaining liquid fuel under pressure and a spray nozzleat each cylinder, of a poppet distributing valve for each cylinder, heldto its seat by the pressure of the fuel supply,

a casing for said valve, and a valve actuating tappet extending into thecasing and having a by-pass extending therethrough for relieving thepressure in the discharge side of the valve, the contacting faces of thevalve stem and tappet forming a supplemental valve for controlling theby-pass.

12. In combination in a multiple cyl- 'inder, injection type oil engine,a sup 1y manifold, means for maintaining liquid uel under pressuretherein, a spray nozzle having a check valve at each working cylinder,:1, distributing Valve for each cylinder, a casing therefor. a valvetappet extending into said casing, the contacting faces of the tappetand valve forming a bypass valve for relieving the pressure in thedischarge side of the distributing valve, and-means for actuating thetappet to alternately open and close the distributing and by-passvalves.

13. In combination in amultiple cylinder, injection type oil engine, asupply manifold, means for constantly maintainmg liqu d fuel under lnection pressure in the said supply manifold, a spray nozzle ateachworking cylinder having an automatic check valve adapted to he opened bythe injection pressure, poppet distrilniting valves, one for eachcylinder, directly controlli'ug'conununication between the supplymanifold and the spray nozzles and normally held to their seats by theconstantly maintained, injection pressure in said supply manifold,mechanism fol-successively operatlng said distributing valves todetermine the injection periods and amount of the injected charges andby-pass means controlled by said mechanism for relieving the pressure onthe discharge side of each of said poppet valves when the latter isclosed. I

14. In a multiple cylinder, injection type oil engine, a supplymanifold, means for constantly maintaining liquid fuel undersubstantially uniform pressure therein, a spray nozzle having anautomatic check valve at each working cylinder, a poppet distributingvalve for each cylinder held to its seat by the pressure of the fuelsupply, a valve shaft about which said distributing valves are radiallydisposed, a tapered cam on said shaft for intermittently actuating thedistributing valves, and means for adjusting said cam to control theengine speed.

15. In a multiple cylinder, injection type oil engine, the combinationof a supply inanifold, means for maintaining liquid fuel under pressuretherein, a spray nozzle having check valve at each Working cylinder, a

poppet distributing valve for each cylinder,

an actuating tappet therefor, and a by-pass controlled by the actuatingtappet of each distributing valve for relieving the pressure in thedischarge side thereof when the same is closed. e

16. In a multiple cylinder, injection type oil engine, a supplymanifold, a feed pump and a pressure relief valve for constantlymaintaining liquid fuel under uniform injection pressure in the supplymanifold, a

spray nozzle at each working cylinder hav. 'ing an automatic checkvalve, distributing .and thereby control the engine speed.

17. In a multiple cylinder, injection type. 011 engine, a supplymanifold, means for constantly maintaining liquid fuel under injectionpressure in the supply manifold,

a spray nozzle at each working cylinder having an automatic check valveadapted to be opened by the injection pressure, poppet distributingvalves, one for each cylinder, held to their seats by the pressure ofthe fuel supply in said manifold, and means for 1 operating saiddistributing valves to time and determine the amount of injected chargescomprising a valve shaft about which said valves are radially disposed,a commonoperating "cam on said shaft and adjustable actuating membersinterposed .betweensaid cam and each of said valves.

, CHARLES M. BLANCHARD.

